发布时间：2025-07-09
To promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and prevent air pollution, electric vehicles (Electric Vehicles, EVs) have become a new type of transportation vehicle that is vigorously promoted by countries around the world. However, due to the limitation of battery capacity, the range of electric vehicles is short, and the charging problem has always been one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of electric vehicles.
With the development of radio energy transmission technology, the static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles based on magnetic coupling has received increasing attention. Compared with the traditional wired charging system, the wireless charging system has no electrical connection and has the advantages of convenient operation, low maintenance cost, waterproof and dustproof, and the ability to achieve a fully automatic charging process.
The typical structure of a static wireless charging system for electric vehicles is shown in Figure 1, including power electronic converter, primary compensation network, transmitting coil, receiving coil, secondary compensation network, high-frequency rectification and filtering circuit, and battery load, etc. In recent years, scholars and research institutions at home and abroad have conducted a large amount of research on the static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles based on magnetic coupling.
However, as the research progresses, many key problems still need to be solved, such as the system's anti-offset ability, sensitivity to the environment, optimization design of the system structure, and stability control. Currently, the research on static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles is in a stage of overcoming difficulties, and further improvement and application of existing theories, as well as innovative and breakthroughs in principles, are still needed.
Based on the current research status of static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles in China and abroad, it can be seen that this technology has been comprehensively studied in all aspects, but there are still many problems to be solved. The main manifestations are as follows:
(1) The anti-offset ability of the system
How to improve the anti-offset ability of the system has always been a research hotspot in the field of wireless charging for electric vehicles. In practical applications, due to the influence of the user's parking position, the relative position of the primary and secondary coils in the system will change within a certain range, causing a change in the coupling coefficient, which requires the system to have a strong anti-offset ability.
Currently, methods such as the design of magnetic coupling mechanisms or system closed-loop control are mainly used to improve the anti-offset ability of the system, but these technical approaches have limited improvement effects. Therefore, it is necessary to seek breakthroughs from the mechanism. The radio energy transmission technology based on the parity-time symmetry (Parity-Time Symmetry, PTS) principle can achieve a constant output power and efficiency within a certain range, independent of the coupling coefficient. In addition, the radio energy transmission technology based on fractional-order circuits also shows excellent characteristics and can be applied to electric vehicle wireless charging, which is expected to further enhance the anti-offset ability of the system.