发布时间：2023-11-23
At present, domestic and international universities and research institutions are mostly at the engineering prototype stage in the development of static wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, while major companies focus on providing solutions. There are still many issues that need to be resolved in the industrialization and commercialization process of EV wireless charging technology.
The development of wireless charging products for electric vehicles should rely on the latest research results, strengthen the organic integration of industry, academia, and research, make full use of cutting-edge core technologies mastered by major universities and research institutions, and leverage the innovative role of enterprises to promote the transformation of research achievements. This will help advance the commercialization process of static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles.
1. International Research Achievements and Industrial Status
Major foreign universities and research institutions conducting research on static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles include the University of Auckland (New Zealand), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, USA), University of Utah (USA), University of Michigan (USA), Saitama University (Japan), and the University of Tokyo (Japan).
Research mainly focuses on system modeling and control, magnetic coupling mechanisms, compensation topologies, offset resistance, as well as electromagnetic leakage and shielding.
The research team at the University of Auckland has done extensive work on magnetic coupling mechanisms, proposing a series of innovative coil structures that effectively improve the performance of magnetic coupling mechanisms. They have also established deep cooperation with Qualcomm Halo to develop a series of products.
The KAIST team achieved a transmission power of 6.6 kW over a 20 cm transmission distance in 2014, with an overall efficiency of 95.57%. In the same year, they proposed a coupling mechanism of large and small coils, greatly improving the system's offset resistance, and applied the large and small coils to 5–15 kW wireless charging systems.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory successfully developed a 20 kW EV wireless charging system in 2016 and announced in 2018 that they had achieved a high-power 120 kW wireless charging system with efficiency up to 97%. Professor Chris Mi's team at the University of Michigan proposed a bilateral LCC compensation topology in 2015 for electric vehicles, achieving decoupling between output current and load, which has been widely adopted.
In addition, major international companies such as Qualcomm Halo, Evatran, Momentum Dynamics, WiTricity, HEVO POWER, as well as Canadian companies ELIX and Bombardier, have also invested significant financial and material resources in researching wireless charging technology for electric vehicles.
Among them, the Halo system by the American company Qualcomm has achieved an output power of 3.3 to 20 kW, with an overall efficiency of over 90%; the Drive 11 wireless charging system by the American company WiTricity, designed for pure electric and hybrid vehicles, can provide a maximum output power of 11 kW with an efficiency of up to 93%. In 2018, WiTricity collaborated with BMW to launch the world's first factory-equipped vehicle with wireless charging capability—the BMW 530e iPerformance, with a charging power of 3.6 kW.
The Canadian company ELIX uses magnetic dynamic coupling (MDC) technology to achieve an output power of 7.7 kW; the PLUGLESS wireless charging system proposed by the American company Evatran has achieved power transfers of 3.6 kW and 7.2 kW, with devices priced at $5,999 and $12,999, respectively, and provides wireless charging technology support for models such as the Tesla Model S, BMW i3, Nissan LEAF, and Chevrolet Volt.
The Momentum wireless charging system proposed by Momentum Dynamics can reach a maximum output power of 200 kW, with an efficiency of 95%, and has been successfully applied to wireless charging of electric buses in cooperation with the American company Link Transit. Additionally, on February 11, 2019, WiTricity announced the acquisition of certain technology platforms and intellectual property from Qualcomm Halo. Previously, Qualcomm and WiTricity had been working with international standards organizations, and this acquisition is expected to help unify standards and accelerate the commercialization of wireless charging for electric vehicles.
Overall, major foreign companies are relatively advanced in the field of wireless charging for electric vehicles and have also made certain attempts at commercialization.